Climate influences labour not only by enervating the labourer or by invigorating him, but also by the effect it produces on the regularity of his habits. Thus we find that no people living in very Northern latitude have ever possessed that steady and unflinching industry for which the inhabitants of temperate region are remarkable. In the more Northern countries the severity of the weather, and, at some seasons, the deficiency of light, render it impossible for the people to continue their usual out-of-door employment. The result is that the working classes, being compelled to cease from their ordinary pursuits, are rendered more prone to desultory habits, the chain of their industry is, as it were, broken, and they lose that impetus which long-continued and uninterrupted practice never fails to give. Hence there arises a national character more fitful and capricious than that possessed by a people whose climate permits the regular exercise of their ordinary industry. Indeed so powerful is this principle that we perceive its operations even under the most opposite circumstances. It would be difficult to conceive a greater difference in government, laws, religion, and manners than that which distinguishes Sweden and Norway, on the one hand, from Spain and Portugal on the other. But these four countries have one great point in common. In all of them continued agricultural industry is impracticable. In the two Southern countries labour is interrupted by the dryness of the weather and by the consequent state of the soil. In the Northern countries the same effect is produced by the severity of the winter and the shortness of days. The consequence is that these four nations, though so different in other aspects, are all remarkable for a certain instability and fickleness of character.
PMS KPK 2010 Solved Precis
12 August 2025
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The PMS KPK 2010 Solved Precis is a model response to the precis question from the PMS KPK English Precis & Composition paper 2010, written to guide aspirants in meeting the exact standards set by the examiner. This solution condenses a complex discussion into a compact, well-ordered precis without losing meaning or tone. It demonstrates sharp idea selection, logical arrangement, clear expression, and strict compliance with the required length and title rules.
Working through this solved precis helps candidates learn how to deal with analytical passages. It shows how to strip away less important details, preserve the author’s main argument, and present it in polished, fluent language that reads effortlessly. Such practice strengthens both writing discipline and exam confidence.
Written by Sir Syed Kazim Ali, the best CSS and PMS English Writing coach in Pakistan, this solved precis has been a proven resource for PMS KPK aspirants aiming for top scores. This solution, along with other solved precis, serves not only as an exam solution but also as a handbook for learning precis writing at the highest competitive level.
PMS KPK 2010 Solved Precis
PMS KPK 2010
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Precis Solution
Important Vocabulary
- Enervating (Adjective): Weakening or draining of energy
- Contextual Explanation: Describes an effect of climate that it reduces a laborer’s physical strength and stamina
- Invigorating (Adjective): Giving strength, energy, or vitality
- Contextual Explanation: Refers to climate conditions that boost a laborer’s energy and productivity
- Desultory habits (Noun Phrase): Irregular and unplanned patterns of behaviour
- Contextual Explanation: Describes how disrupted work routines lead to unfocused habits
- National character (Noun Phrase): The collective traits and habits of a nation’s people
- Contextual Explanation: Refers to the general work-related behaviour shaped by the climate
- Fitful and capricious (Adjective Phrase): Irregular and unpredictable in behaviour
- Contextual Explanation: Describes the inconsistent work habits in climates with seasonal interruptions
- Fickleness of character (Noun Phrase): Tendency to change moods or behaviour frequently
- Contextual Explanation: Refers to people’s unpredictable nature, shaped by climate interruptions
Important Ideas of the Passage
The passage asserts that climate affects labor habits, leading to instability in national character. By comparing northern and southern countries, the author aims to show that extreme climatic conditions disrupt continuous work, resulting in shared fickleness, regardless of differing governments, laws, or religions.
Main Idea of the Passage
- Extreme climate interrupts the consistency of labor, leading to nations in such areas develop more irregular and unstable characters because their climate interrupts steady work.
Supporting Ideas Helping the Main Idea
- Climate influences labor both physically and mentally.
- Northern latitudes’ severe cold prevents steady, continuous industry by making outdoor employment impossible during certain seasons, making people erratic.
- In southern regions, extreme heat similarly prevents continuous agricultural activity.
- These interruptions in both extremes lead to less disciplined and more capricious national characters despite vast differences in several sociocultural aspects.
Confused About Main and Supporting Ideas?
Kindly make sure to revise all five lectures on Precis Writing that I have already delivered. In these sessions, we discussed in detail:
- What a precis is and its purpose.
- What the main idea means and how to extract it effectively.
- What supporting ideas are and how to identify them.
- How to coordinate the main and supporting ideas while writing a concise, coherent precis.
Additionally, go through the 20 examples I shared in the WhatsApp groups. These examples highlight the Dos and Don’ts of Precis Writing, and revising them will help you avoid common mistakes and refine your technique.
Precis
Precis 1
In addition to physical impacts, climate significantly affects the consistency of workers: the severe cold and darkness in northern regions render sustained outdoor work impractical during certain times of the year, compelling workers to adopt fluctuating routines. The same principle holds true for southern nations, where extreme heat interrupts consistent agricultural practices. As a result of these unavoidable disruptions, occurring in both northern and southern extremes, countries in these climates, despite their varied social and political structures, are all characterized by a shared uncertain and volatile nature.
- Original Words in the Passage: 291
- Precis Word Count: 87
- Title: Irregular Labor Shapes National Character
Precis 2
The primary way climate influences labor is through its impact on the steadiness of work habits. In extreme northern areas, harsh cold hinders regular work, resulting in unstable work patterns and nurturing less disciplined national traits. Likewise, southern regions that experience extreme aridity encounter similar disruptions to regular agricultural activity. These essential pauses in industry, prevalent in both very cold and very hot regions, contribute to nations cultivating a shared erratic character, despite their significant differences in culture or governance.
- Original Words in the Passage: 291
- Precis Word Count: 80
- Title: The Climatic Determinant of Work Habits
Precis 3
Climate's supremacy extends to the discontinuity of labor, transcending mere physical exhaustion. To elaborate, extremely cold or arid zones in Northern and Southern countries preclude persistent, daily work, thereby disrupting vocational momentum. This impediment, irrespective of the countries’ diverse sociocultural matrix, engenders a common national indecisiveness and unreliability of character.
- Original Words in the Passage: 291
- Precis Word Count: 50
- Title: Climatic Causation of National Caprice
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