PMS Punjab 2009 Solved Precis

• Thwart (Verb): To oppose or prevent something from happening
  • Contextual Explanation: Refers to the destructive instinct that undermines the well-being of others perceived as rivals
• Offshoot (Noun): A result or development that stems from something else
  • Contextual Explanation: Explains how art emerges as a psychological extension of love
• Lofty (Adjective): Seeming to be morally or intellectually superior
  • Contextual Explanation: Describes how people justify aggressive actions by appealing to seemingly noble ideas like justice
• Tear away the veils (Verb Phrase): To remove illusions or deceptions and see the truth clearly
  • Contextual Explanation: Refers to exposing the hidden motives of hatred camouflaged as moral righteousness
• Austere morality (Noun Phrase): A strict and harsh code of ethics
  • Contextual Explanation: Contrasted with the proposed new morality, which is not overly severe but encourages joy and cooperation
• Madness of envy (Noun Phrase): An irrational and destructive feeling of jealousy
  • Contextual Explanation: Seen as the root cause of seeing others as obstacles rather than partners in life

The passage explores two fundamental human instincts: one that nurtures life through love and art, and another that incites rivalry and conflict. Moreover, it critiques conventional morality for suppressing the first instinct while promoting the second, arguing that true morality should prioritize reason to manage hatred, particularly towards distant groups. All in all, the purpose of the passage is to advocate for a radical shift in moral philosophy, redirecting human energy towards life-affirming goals and global cooperation, thereby establishing a new ethic based on mutual support and a complete existence.

Main Idea of the Passage

• Conventional morality mistakenly suppresses life-affirming instincts while promoting hostile instincts toward rivals, necessitating a new, rational moral system that controls hatred and recognizes other people as aids to a full life.

Supporting Ideas Helping the Main Idea

• Human instincts divide into two: promoting life and progeny, or undermining rivals.
• The first type includes pleasure in existence, affection, and artistic expression; the second includes rivalry, national loyalty, and conflict.
• Established ethics discourage the first and encourage the second.
• True morality would reverse this by leaving loving relations to instinct and subjecting hatred to rational control.
• In the contemporary world, hatred is often directed at distant nations, disguised as noble justifications.
• A great degree of doubt is required to expose this truth.
• A new moral framework, built on wishing for a complete life and viewing others as helpful, would create a paradise.

Confused About Main and Supporting Ideas?

Kindly make sure to revise all five lectures on Precis Writing that I have already delivered. In these sessions, we discussed in detail:

• What a precis is and its purpose.
• What the main idea means and how to extract it effectively.
• What supporting ideas are and how to identify them.
• How to coordinate the main and supporting ideas while writing a concise, coherent precis.

Additionally, go through the 20 examples I shared in the WhatsApp groups. These examples highlight the Dos and Don’ts of Precis Writing, and revising them will help you avoid common mistakes and refine your technique.

Precis 1

Human instincts are divided between impulses that sustain life and those that foster rivalry: joy, love, and creativity belong to the first while conflict and nationalism belong to the second. Moreover, orthodox morality encourages the latter and restrains the former, but real morality would reverse this pattern, leaving love to human nature and subjecting hatred to rational control. Indeed, hostility toward unfamiliar people often masquerades as noble motives, and only doubt can expose this deception, helping create a cooperative moral order.

• Original Words in the Passage: 232
• Precis Word Count: 81
• Title: Toward True Morality

Precis 2

Man possesses two instinct types: one nurtures life through affection and creativity whereas the other provokes division through pride and hostility. Unfortunately, society often strengthens the latter and weakens the former, but a better moral code would elevate positive instincts and apply wisdom to manage negative ones. Today, hostility often targets remote groups under the false belief of acting justly; nevertheless, developing thoughtful awareness can uncover such self-deception, inspiring a more cooperative and pacific world.

• Original Words in the Passage: 232
• Precis Word Count: 75
• Title: Towards a Thoughtful Moral Balance

Precis 3

Human instinct separates into drives for life and drives for rivalry. Where current ethics mistakenly encourage hostility and discourage positive feelings, a superior moral code would control opposition with intellect while allowing affection to flow naturally. Today, hostility toward other nations is often camouflaged as noble intentions, but skepticism can reveal this truth. Thus, a new framework, founded on seeking a full existence and viewing others as supportive, is necessary for great improvement.

• Original Words in the Passage: 232
• Precis Word Count: 73
• Title: The Rational Basis of Morality

Precis 4

Human instincts oscillate between life-affirming drives – affection and creativity – and destructive impulses, rivalry and chauvinism. Although society perversely elevates the latter while stifling the former, a sound ethical paradigm would reverse this, leaving affection to nature and subordinating hostility to rationality. Similarly, modern enmity, masked as virtue and aimed at alien groups, can be dispelled through critical introspection, promoting solidarity and a harmonious moral order.

• Original Words in the Passage: 232
• Precis Word Count: 65
• Title: Redirecting Instincts for a Just World

Precis 5

Human instincts sustain life through love and creativity but also generate rivalry and war. Indeed, society often suppresses the first while cultivating the second, but a better morality would restrain hatred through logic and let warmth flow naturally. Likewise, modern hostility toward unfamiliar groups is disguised as righteousness, but suspicion can uncover this error and guide humanity toward cooperative and life-affirming values.

• Original Words in the Passage: 232
• Precis Word Count: 62
• Title: Morality and Human Instincts